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Boyer's model of scholarship is In the 1990 publication ("Scholarship Reconsidered" ), Ernest Boyer introduced an academic model advocating expansion of the traditional definition of scholarship and research into four types of scholarship. According to Boyer, traditional research, or the scholarship of discovery, had been the center of academic life and crucial to an institution's advancement but it needed to be broadened and made more flexible to include not only the new social and environmental challenges beyond the campus but also the reality of contemporary life. His vision was to change the research mission of universities by introducing the idea that scholarship needed to be redefined. He proposed that scholarship include these four different categories: * The scholarship of discovery that includes original research that advances knowledge; * The scholarship of integration that involves synthesis of information across disciplines, across topics within a discipline, or across time; * The scholarship of application (also later called the scholarship of engagement) that goes beyond the service duties of a faculty member to those within or outside the University and involves the rigor and application of disciplinary expertise with results that can be shared with and/or evaluated by peers; and * The scholarship of teaching and learning that the systematic study of teaching and learning processes. It differs from scholarly teaching in that it requires a format that will allow public sharing and the opportunity for application and evaluation by others. Boyer's model has been embraced across the academy with occasional refinement, such as specific applications for different disciplines. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boyer's model of scholarship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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